Wednesday, 25 April 2012

Task - 3b - Theories Relating to Netwokring


Moving forward I want to develop a meaningful professional network, from which I can find knowledge, new understanding and opportunities and share the knowledge and opportunities I gain along the way. I am beginning to understand that having a presence and engaging in these activities is key to being successful. But in order to do this I am aware that I need to develop a better understanding of the concepts of networking and how these are applied to my own professional work. I consider that the best place to start is in understanding the theories.

Cooperation as defined by dictionary.reference.com is

“an act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose
or benefit; joint action.”

For me before considering reader three the idea of cooperation would have been seen as purely positive, the idea that we are able to work together to achieve a mutual benefit should hold opportunities for all. However reader three concentrates on cooperation as part of Game theory, the idea that one player has to succeed at another’s expense. Is that how we see our professional practice as a game? Where we can only succeed at the expense of others?

Robert Axelrod 1986 describes the notion of cooperation as

“…the benefit of cooperating fully with others, until you reach a
point of maximum benefit and then to defect”

To me this seems extremely cold, of course there will always be an element of this, as human beings we form relationships for mutual gain, for example have friends because they listen, make us laugh or are really interesting, or even a little bit of you do this favour for me and I’ll help you out. But I would like to think that we don’t just “defect” when we feel we have had all we can from someone. It is a very sceptical view of the world and I am not entirely sure that I agree.

In terms of our professional networks and indeed life we will always come across people that are out for themselves, the girl in the audition who will ask for your help with the choreography and then purposely stand in front of you so you cant be seen, and in limited short lived relationships then I understand that this can happen, especially in extremely competitive environment like auditions and interviews.

In meaningful networks where strong working relationships are forged then I would like to think that this wouldn’t be the case, I think that our connections may be fluid, there may be times when we rely on particular people more that others, but to cut them out of our network when we have reached “maximum gain” I feel would be a very foolish move. I believe that everyone in my network has meaning, we all gain knowledge all of the time, and we should be open to share this with others, this may not allow us to get immediately ahead but in the long run should mean that we all have a more valuable network and a larger knowledge base to draw from, those who have been more cut throat earlier in their careers may not have such a valuable advantage.

I think this is why I feel that looking professional networks from the perspective of affiliation is much more comfortable one for me, and a model that I would like to build my future professional networks around.

“…a network of support that will help us when in need”
(Crisp and Turner 2007 pp266)

To me this is a similar idea to that of cooperation, where we are able to work with others to reach joint goals, or to be there for each other to provide, support, advice or share our working or creative knowledge. The Important difference is that we do not “defect” or end relationships based on what we are able to gain. For this reason I think that networks that are based around affiliation can only go from strength to strength as my knowledge grows I am able to share this my network and vice versa, again this comes back to the idea of growing a vast knowledge base.

As a teacher this is also of vital importance, affiliation between myself and my students are important in my previous post about how I make my network connection, I talked about the importance of face to face contact and the element of trust. In a educational situation both student and teacher have a lot to gain from each other, as my ability as a teacher grows so does the experience my students have, and as they grow and develop I am forced to up my game and work harder for them, allowing mutual development. I am of course aware that at some point my student will move on, but I believe that the relationship forged by this mutual trust will mean that a link will remain as it has for me and my past teachers, keeping that network intact.

Within this theory I also find it interesting that we are able within our relationships to balance the needs of each individual. O’Connor & Rosenblood (1996 pp267) link this to us being able to maintain

“relative and preferred levels of social stimulation”.

Whether we are introvert or extrovert may link to our ability to network successfully, as it impacts on our level of affiliation or privacy. I would say that I am not an extrovert, I am quite happy in my own company and don’t really feel the need to share my thoughts, compared to someone who likes to voice their opinions does this leave me at a disadvantage when it comes to networking?
I think that it possibly does, I may be more reluctant to share my thoughts and this may mean that relationships within my network are less valuable as less is shared between its members, however it is possible that the opposite is true as the nature of my communications may be more valuable as I will only communicate things that are of greater importance, perhaps less is more?
Either way it is an important thing to be aware of, it makes us more understanding of other people within our networks allowing us to form relationships that are mutually comfortable, and to be aware of our own behaviours and how these may be improved to make our networking more successful. 

Social constructionism is based around the idea that our observations and knowledge about the world are informed and reinforced by our experiences and relationships with others. 

“…all knowledge, and therefore all meaningful reality as such,
is contingent upon human practices, being constructed in and out of
interactions between human beings and their world, and developed and
transmitted within an essentially social context.”
(Crotty, M 2005. pp 42-44)

This is a complicated issue to understand but important when related to professional networks, it means that the meanings that we relate to the world will be directly influenced by the people that we surround ourselves with. The meaning of behaviours or characteristics of groups or even just colours or symbols are made to mean something, by us all being in agreement. 
This then means to me that if I have a particular issue or problem that I then go on to discuss with my network, be that friends and family or a working network, the opinions of others will help me to shape meaning and create new knowledge for myself.
I think this really highlights the powerful nature of human relationships and of our personal and professional networks.
We have all heard about children falling in the wrong crowd, this social interaction has changed the behaviour of the child because the meanings of things in their world have been influenced by the social group that they are a part of.
Does that then mean that we are at risk of “falling in” with the wrong network, of being in relationships with people that have a powerful influence over how we construct meaning may mean that we miss opportunities because some people say that company is bad to work for? Or because they don’t think your new idea will work out?
Conversely though, does that mean that we have the opportunity to “fall in” with the right network? One that already shares a number of principles and ideals that will then allow us to debate and construct further meanings and knowledge by combining the intellect of everyone within the group.
The idea of social constructionism highlights to me the importance of making connections within my network with the right people, people that share my ideals or my interests in order for us all to construct the kind of meaning and knowledge that will support our further development, and not damage it.

Connectivism,

“in relation to professional networks the theory of connectivism
provides an explanation about how networks both learn and provide
the means for individuals to connect and learn”

This theory is connected to the spread of the internet and the changing ways in which we now learn. Learning used to based on the teacher transferring knowledge to the student, now through the theories of connectivism it is the idea that the information is out there, within other people, the internet and classrooms and that we are able to interact with this and learn from it, the use of social networking, blogs and wikis makes this easier.
Information moves much more quickly that it did in the past, knowledge becomes obsolete rapidly and it becomes impossible for us to be able to keep up.

“the amount of knowledge in the world has doubles in the past
10 years and is doubling every 18 months”

(American society of Training and Documentation)

It is becoming impossible for us to keep up and so the ability to store our knowledge externally from ourselves is an important one. We have the use of the internet, it is becoming less important to have knowledge but more important to know how to access knowledge.
This means that our social network is of growing importance,

“since we cannot experience everything, other peoples experiences,
and hence other people, become the surrogate for knowledge
‘I store my knowledge in my friends’
is an axiom for collecting knowledge through collecting people”
(Karen Stephenson)

This is surely the whole premise for a professional network, you store knowledge, information and important contacts through the use of networking sites to a greater or lesser extent. The BAPP blogs are a perfect example of this the sharing of knowledge and information with in a network of people with common interests in order for people to learn and improve there own knowledge.

Applying these theories to my own professional practice has been easier than I thought, and I consider that I have made some important discoveries that I will be using to shape my professional networks of the future.
The two theories that I feel I need to be wary of is cooperation and social constructionism. In terms of cooperation the thought of “defecting” form a networking relationship as it is no longer beneficial is uncomfortable, and to me it always a good idea to leave doors open behind you, none of us know what is around the corner and we may live to regret losing that option in the future. I know that there will always be people who will do exactly this and being aware of this can only have its benefits also; being careful who we put our trust in and with how much we share should always be in our mind in professional networking.
Social constructionism I feel also raises questions about who we affiliate ourselves with, it shows the power of the social group in being able to shape how we see and interact with the world, and I imagine this can be a pit fall that many fall into, allowing the wrong people to influence us could be detrimental and we should be mindful of this when we introduce people into our networks.  
Affiliation with the right people and building a network of support around us to me is the way that a network should be constructed. We should be able to trust and rely on the people we network with, and this holds gains for us all, as knowledge grows and is able to be shared then everyone in the network should benefit from this. This is linked to connectivism, the fact that our sources of knowledge no longer have to just be within ourselves, strong and social network that are able to share, debate and communicate new information should surely make for a network that is of value to everyone involved and create a vast knowledge base for each member to draw from.

No comments:

Post a Comment